Preteritum Perfektum
Test kunnskapen dinPreteritum Perfektum og dets funksjoner
Preteritum perfektum (past perfect) henviser til en tid tidligere enn før nå. Det brukes til å klargjøre at en hendelse skjedde før en annen i fortiden. Det spiller ingen rolle hvilken hendelse er nevnt først - tempuset gjør det klart hvilken skjedde først.
I disse eksemplene er Hendelse A den som skjedde først og Hendelse B er den andre eller nyere hendelsen:
| Hendelse A | Hendelse B |
| John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
| Event A | Event B |
| I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| Event B | Event A |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| Event B | Event A |
| He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
Forming av preteritum perfektum
Preteritum perfektum på engelsk består av to deler: preteritumformen av verbet to have (had) + hovedverbets perfektum partisipp (past participle).
| Subjekt | had | perfektum partisipp |
|---|---|---|
| Bekreftende | ||
| She | had | given |
| Nektende | ||
| She | hadn't | asked. |
| Spørrende | ||
| Had | they | arrived? |
| Spørrende nektende | ||
| Hadn't | you | finished? |
To decide, preteritum perfektum
| Bekreftende | Nektende | Spørrende |
|---|---|---|
| I had decided | I hadn't decided | Had I decided? |
| You had decided | You hadn't decided | Had you decided? |
| She had decided | She hadn't decided | Had she decided? |
| We had decided | We hadn't decided | Had we decided? |
| They had decided | They hadn't decided | Had they decided? |
Preteritum perfektum + just
'Just' brukes med preteritum perfektum når man henviser til en hendelse som foregikk kun en kort tid før nåtiden, for eksempel:
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.